MUST Score (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool)
Assess malnutrition risk using the MUST Score. Calculate BMI, weight loss, and acute disease effect to stratify risk levels.
Important Medical Disclaimer
This calculator is an educational and clinical decision support tool. Results DO NOT replace professional medical evaluation, laboratory tests, or clinical judgment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis, treatment, and clinical decisions. Calculations are based on scientifically validated formulas but may not be applicable to all patients.
About the MUST Score
The MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool) is a five-step screening tool to identify adults who are malnourished, at risk of malnutrition (undernutrition), or obese. It was developed by the Malnutrition Advisory Group (MAG), a Standing Committee of the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (BAPEN).
The tool includes management guidelines which can be used to develop a care plan. It is designed for use in hospitals, care homes, and the community. The MUST Score considers BMI, unplanned weight loss over 3-6 months, and the effect of acute disease on nutritional intake. It provides clear risk stratification (low, medium, high) with specific actions for each level.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the MUST Score?
The MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool) is a validated screening tool developed by the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (BAPEN) to identify adults at risk of malnutrition. It uses three independent criteria: BMI, unplanned weight loss in the past 3-6 months, and the effect of acute disease.
How is the MUST Score calculated?
The MUST Score is calculated by adding three components: Step 1 - BMI score (BMI <18.5 = 2 points, 18.5-20 = 1 point, >20 = 0 points), Step 2 - Unplanned weight loss score (>10% = 2 points, 5-10% = 1 point, <5% = 0 points), Step 3 - Acute disease effect (no nutritional intake >5 days = 2 points, otherwise 0 points). Total score ranges from 0-6 points.
What do the MUST Score results mean?
Score 0 = Low risk: Routine clinical care with repeat screening (weekly in hospital, monthly in care homes, annually in community). Score 1 = Medium risk: Observe and document dietary intake, repeat screening more frequently. Score ≥2 = High risk: Refer to dietitian or nutritional support team, implement treatment plan, monitor weekly in hospital or monthly in care homes/community.
When should the MUST Score be used?
The MUST Score should be used on admission to hospitals, care homes, and at first clinic appointment. It should be repeated weekly for inpatients, monthly for care home residents, and regularly in the community. It is suitable for all adults but not for children under 18, pregnant women, or lactating mothers (alternative tools should be used).